1. Starting the Project and Drafting the Blueprint
Creating the blueprint is the first step in the construction process. The building’s blueprint outlines essential details such as the building area, layout, rooms, approved floors, usage type, and more. The initial step is to submit the land documents to the local municipality, which will approve them and issue a directive for the blueprint drafting. After the blueprint is completed, it must be resubmitted for final approval. Upon this final approval, a construction permit, effectively the building’s identity document, is issued.
2. Excavation
Excavation for the foundation marks the beginning of the construction phase. The depth of excavation depends on the building’s number of floors and the load the foundation must bear. This process should be performed with utmost precision by a structural engineer since any miscalculations can create risks for the building and its residents.
3. Concrete Pouring and Reinforcement
This stage involves filling the excavation area with a 10-15 cm layer of concrete. This concrete layer supports the load from the structure above and prevents settling. Afterward, rebar mesh is used to reinforce the foundation. The price of rebar, such as sizes 14 or 16 commonly used in foundations, significantly affects the overall cost at this stage.
4. Formwork and Concrete Pouring
Formwork involves using polymer, metal, or wooden molds to shape the concrete. High Rise Polymer’s plastic formworks eliminate the need for oiling, as concrete does not adhere to the molds, allowing for faster installation. This phase is critical for building stability, so it should be conducted meticulously by skilled professionals.
5. Choosing and Installing the Building’s Main Structure
Buildings can use either steel or concrete skeletons. For those prioritizing structural strength, a steel skeleton is often recommended. However, each option has its advantages and disadvantages. The concrete frame is usually more economical since the cost of steel beams exceeds that of concrete.
6. Wall Construction
Walls can be built in various ways, including the use of prefabricated walls. Prefabricated walls are generally more cost-effective, offer greater durability, and provide better sound and thermal insulation compared to traditional bricks.
7. Installing Utilities
Once wall construction is complete, it’s time to install the utilities. This step includes gas and water piping, electrical wiring, and more. Each utility requires specific expertise, and these should be handled by professionals, as most installations are embedded within the structure. Proper installation is crucial to avoid future issues.
8. Plastering and Wall Covering
Plastering, or “whitewashing,” is done by smoothing plaster over walls. Afterward, a final finish is applied to prepare the surface for painting.
9. Flooring, Waterproofing, and Tiling
The floor is coated with a layer of mortar. Once dried, it is finished with tiles or other flooring materials, then waterproofed to ensure durability and resistance to moisture.
10. Wall Tiling
Wall tiling is done with the help of a plumb line for precision. Once the tiles are set, they are grouted with white cement to seal the joints.
11. Ceiling Completion
The ceiling can be finished with either suspended ceilings or traditional plasterwork. Once complete, the exterior façade is added as the final construction step. After the workspace is cleaned, the building is ready to be handed over to the owner.
12. Installing Doors, Windows, and Fixtures
Finally, doors, windows, plumbing fixtures, and more are installed according to national regulations. Safety standards and national regulations are crucial at this stage for building compliance and longevity.